It is known as an adventure sport to all that sport that entails, in addition to physical activity, an intense recreational activity in the natural environment. The sport of adventure is a new form of sport that, as a team, puts man in contact with nature, in which the motivation to reach the goal is above any result. The goal is to reach, surpass oneself, and for this, the development of physical qualities, motor skills, great general resistance and, above all, a great psychological preparation and social links between the participants is necessary. Teamwork acquires fundamental importance, as well as the technical knowledge necessary for each of the disciplines practiced. A crucial aspect in this sport is knowing how to orientate oneself: knowing where one is, where one should go and how to move in unknown terrain, where nature imposes its immensity. In the sport of contact with nature, the objective focuses on overcoming the obstacles presented by certain natural elements, such as water, mountains, snow, countryside, fauna, etc. There are different sports and recreational activities developed in natural environments, the concept of adventure is due to the existence of a certain controlled risk that allows experiencing sensations in the participants. Adventure sport differs from adventure tourism, mainly because in the first there is no contractual economic relationship, which is developed by people whose relationship in the practice of the activity is exclusively recreational, sports (athletes, groups of friends , families) or academic (sports schools, sports clubs, etc.), generating an instructor-student relationship. The activities of adventure tourism, are derived from the practice of adventure sports either by athletes, outside their usual place of residence, or by people who wish to experience the practice of these sports in the natural environment but there must be an economic relationship (provider of services-client) that allows to clearly define the contractual responsibilities between a provider (tour operator, agency, tour guide) that offers this service and a client (hiker or tourist) who is willing to pay for these services. In these practices, man tends to value the environment above any other consideration, which requires a reflection on its constitution and favorable or unfavorable possibilities. Hiking or trekking is a term that is used erroneously as a synonym of the term adventure sport. Types of adventure sports. There are different types of adventure sports, depending on the medium in which they are made. Adventure sports in the mountains: climbing, caving, canyoning (also known as canyoning or abseiling), hiking, mountain biking, horse riding, orientation, karting, paintball or airsoft, etc. Adventure sports on the water: canoeing or kayaking, rafting, canoeing, diving, hydrospeed, canyoning, etc. Adventure sports in the air: bungee jumping, parachuting, paragliding, zipline descent, riding in ultralight, etc.
